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“母乳最好”的宣传话语在目前育龄人群中几乎耳熟能详,但很多信奉科学育儿、希望母乳喂养的都市女性却发现母乳喂养困难重重,其中遭遇“母乳不足”的案例较为多见。回顾历史发现,“母乳不足”的现象全球普遍存在,这个话题在20世纪80年代的英语学术圈曾引起热议。经过十余年讨论后,学者们基本认同大部分遭遇母乳不足的女性并不是真正的“母乳不足”,而是由于种种社会文化因素干扰造成母乳喂养失败的这一结论,其中产后初期的奶瓶介入是重要原因。术语也由insufficient milk syndrome变为perceived insufficient milk,以此来强调“母乳不足”不是一种病理现象,而更多是一种文化感知。 相似文献
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Ali Soroush Reza Malekzadeh Gholamreza Roshandel Masoud Khoshnia Hossein Poustchi Farin Kamangar Paul Brennan Paolo Boffetta Sanford M. Dawsey Christian C. Abnet Julian A. Abrams Arash Etemadi 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2023,152(6):1137-1149
Prior studies have conflicting findings regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined this relationship in a prospective cohort in a region of high ESCC incidence. Baseline exposure data were collected from 50 045 individuals using in-person interviews at the time of cohort entry. Participants were followed until they developed cancer, died, or were lost to follow up. Participants with GERD symptoms were categorized into any GERD (heartburn or regurgitation), mixed symptoms, or heartburn alone. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between GERD symptom group and histologically confirmed ESCC. The model was adjusted for known risk factors for GERD and ESCC. 49 559 individuals were included in this study, of which 9005 had GERD symptoms. Over 13.0 years of median follow up, 290 individuals were diagnosed with ESCC. We found no association between any GERD and risk of ESCC (aHR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66-1.24, P = .54). Similar findings were observed for the GERD symptom subtypes. Significant interactions between any GERD and sex (P = .013) as well as tobacco smoking (P = .028) were observed. In post-hoc analyses, GERD was associated with a decreased risk of ESCC in men (aHR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.98 P = .04) and in smokers (aHR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83 P = .02). While there was little evidence for an overall association between GERD symptoms and ESCC risk, significant interactions with sex and smoking were observed. Men and smokers with GERD symptoms had a lower risk of ESCC development. 相似文献
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What is the Potential Interplay between Microbiome and Tumor Microenvironment in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas? 下载免费PDF全文
Chen-Xi Li Hui Liu Zhong-Cheng Gong 《Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention》2022,23(7):2199-2213
Oral cancer, with an around 50% mortality rate, is one of the most common malignancies world-wide. It is often detected in advanced or terminal stage and has a poor prognosis, although substantial progress in cancer management. Microbiome has become an increasingly recognized factor that may contribute to the cancerous development. Oral microbiological population comprising more than 700 bacterial species, varies since saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. A shift of composition of oral microbiome from usual condition to functional inflammation to pathological state has been discovered amongst patients with premalignant disorders and oral carcinoma, with evidence suggesting the tumor microenvironment (TME) could strongly exacerbate the influence of oral microorganisms. The complex interactions taking place in either cancer formation or progression have been evaluated in several publications, however given their results’ heterogeneity, a review is needed to correctly untangle the potential correlation in this group of pro-carcinogenesis. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge of the role of oral microbiome, focusing on its potential crosstalk with TME in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) more precisely, and pave the way for manipulating oral microbiome to deal with OSCC in the future. 相似文献